These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2023-10-30,
and should be interpreted accordingly.

On each question you may give up to two answers, but if you give
both a right answer and a wrong answer, there is a small penalty.
Please post all your answers in a single followup to the newsgroup,
based only on your own knowledge. (In your answer posting, quote
the questions and place your answer below each one.) I will reveal
the correct answers in about 3 days.

All questions were written by members of the Usual Suspects and
are used here by permission, but have been reformatted and may have
been retyped and/or edited by me. The posting and tabulation of
current-events questions is independent of the concurrent posting
of other rounds. For further information please see my 2023-05-24
companion posting on "Questions from the Canadian Inquisition
(QFTCI*)".

I wrote both of these rounds.

* Game 6, Round 4 - Science - Geology

1. In 1915 Alfred Wegener ["VAY-ghen-er"] proposed that, over
long time periods, continents had somehow drifted from one
place on the Earth to another, but nobody believed it because
nobody could imagine how it was possible. Things changed about
50 years later when it was realized that only the upper layers
of the planet need to move, and in fact they are divided into
a set of about 20 "plates" that move independently. What is
the theory related to this concept called?

2. In the middle of the Atlantic Ocean is a zone where two plates
are moving apart from each other, and are becoming enlarged
with the formation of new seafloor, with undersea mountains --
and half of Iceland -- at the edge of each plate. What is this
zone called?

3. Where two plates move toward each other, sometimes one plate
sinks beneath the other, creating effects underground that lead
to volcanoes and earthquakes -- for example, in many areas
around the Pacific Ocean. What is the term for a zone where
plates move in this way?

4. Where two plates move toward each other and <answer 3> does
not happen or is incomplete, mountains are formed. What is
the highest mountain range of this type?

5. Okay, enough about <answer 1>. Rocks are divided into three
basic types according to how they are formed. How is an igneous
rock formed?

6. A second type of rock is sedimentary, which as the name implies
is formed from an accumulation of sediments, such as on the
seabed. But there is also a third basic type of rock besides
igneous and sedimentary. *Either* tell what it's called, *or*
how it's formed.

7. In some places, such as the side of a gorge, you will see
rock formations made up of visible layers. If the layers
are not flat and horizontal, but form wavy curves, they were
affected by what process?

8. Sometimes those nice horizontal layers are intersected by
a vertical stripe of a different rock, perhaps the result of
new rock forming inside a vertical crack in the old. What is
this vertical formation called?

9. If you have to identify a piece of rock, you can perform
various tests. One of them is to hit it with a hammer and
see whether it breaks along a plane, rather than irregularly.
If it does break along a plane, what's that called?

10. Another test is to see how hard it is. *Either* name the
scale on which the hardness can be reported numerically,
*or* tell what is the reliable way to compare the hardness of
two rocks.

* Game 6, Round 6 - Miscellaneous, but mostly History - Monarchies

1. In some countries monarchies come and go. In England, for
example, in 1649 Parliament passed an "Act for Abolishing the
Kingly Office", but in 1660 they essentially declared that that
had never happened. Name *both* the king who was deposed in
1649 and his successor who resumed the throne. Name and number
required in each case, if applicable.

2. Another country similarly abolished their monarchy in 1792,
but at the time it didn't stick, and they had a king again
by 1814. Today the country is a republic again. What country?

3. In still another country, their monarchy was first abolished
in 1873, but restored the next year, then abolished again
in 1931. A law of 1947 officially made the place a kingdom
again, but they didn't actually get a monarch until 1975.
They still have one now. What country?

4. In still another country, the question of whether or not it
should be a monarchy was decided by referendum no less than six
times in the 20th century -- with the successive answers Yes,
No, Yes, Yes, No, No. The last of those decisions, in 1974,
is still in effect. What country?

5. Another country where their monarchy was abolished by referendum
was Italy. In what year, within 1?

6. In what year was the monarchy overthrown in Russia?

7. In what year was the monarchy abolished in Germany?

8. This country's monarchy was overthrown in 1893 by people who
were seeking to become a US territory. What country?

9. Of the countries that still have a monarch today, there are two
where he's not called a king, but a prince. Name either country.

10. In Andorra they don't have a prince, they have two co-princes
who rank equally; so instead of a monarchy, their system is
a diarchy. Name either of the two ways you can get to become
a co-prince of Andorra.

--
Mark Brader, Toronto | "Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible"
msb@vex.net | -- Lord Kelvin

My text in this article is in the public domain.

On 12/7/23 12:08, Mark Brader wrote:
>
>
> * Game 6, Round 4 - Science - Geology
>
> 1. In 1915 Alfred Wegener ["VAY-ghen-er"] proposed that, over
> long time periods, continents had somehow drifted from one
> place on the Earth to another, but nobody believed it because
> nobody could imagine how it was possible. Things changed about
> 50 years later when it was realized that only the upper layers
> of the planet need to move, and in fact they are divided into
> a set of about 20 "plates" that move independently. What is
> the theory related to this concept called?

plate tectonics

>
> 2. In the middle of the Atlantic Ocean is a zone where two plates
> are moving apart from each other, and are becoming enlarged
> with the formation of new seafloor, with undersea mountains --
> and half of Iceland -- at the edge of each plate. What is this
> zone called?
>
> 3. Where two plates move toward each other, sometimes one plate
> sinks beneath the other, creating effects underground that lead
> to volcanoes and earthquakes -- for example, in many areas
> around the Pacific Ocean. What is the term for a zone where
> plates move in this way?

subduction

>
> 4. Where two plates move toward each other and <answer 3> does
> not happen or is incomplete, mountains are formed. What is
> the highest mountain range of this type?

Himalayas

>
> 5. Okay, enough about <answer 1>. Rocks are divided into three
> basic types according to how they are formed. How is an igneous
> rock formed?

molten rock solidifying

>
> 6. A second type of rock is sedimentary, which as the name implies
> is formed from an accumulation of sediments, such as on the
> seabed. But there is also a third basic type of rock besides
> igneous and sedimentary. *Either* tell what it's called, *or*
> how it's formed.

metamorphic

>
> 7. In some places, such as the side of a gorge, you will see
> rock formations made up of visible layers. If the layers
> are not flat and horizontal, but form wavy curves, they were
> affected by what process?

orogeny

>
> 8. Sometimes those nice horizontal layers are intersected by
> a vertical stripe of a different rock, perhaps the result of
> new rock forming inside a vertical crack in the old. What is
> this vertical formation called?

intrusion

>
> 9. If you have to identify a piece of rock, you can perform
> various tests. One of them is to hit it with a hammer and
> see whether it breaks along a plane, rather than irregularly.
> If it does break along a plane, what's that called?
>
> 10. Another test is to see how hard it is. *Either* name the
> scale on which the hardness can be reported numerically,
> *or* tell what is the reliable way to compare the hardness of
> two rocks.

Mohs scale

>
>
> * Game 6, Round 6 - Miscellaneous, but mostly History - Monarchies
>
> 1. In some countries monarchies come and go. In England, for
> example, in 1649 Parliament passed an "Act for Abolishing the
> Kingly Office", but in 1660 they essentially declared that that
> had never happened. Name *both* the king who was deposed in
> 1649 and his successor who resumed the throne. Name and number
> required in each case, if applicable.

Charles I and Charles II

>
> 2. Another country similarly abolished their monarchy in 1792,
> but at the time it didn't stick, and they had a king again
> by 1814. Today the country is a republic again. What country?

France

>
> 3. In still another country, their monarchy was first abolished
> in 1873, but restored the next year, then abolished again
> in 1931. A law of 1947 officially made the place a kingdom
> again, but they didn't actually get a monarch until 1975.
> They still have one now. What country?

Spain

>
> 4. In still another country, the question of whether or not it
> should be a monarchy was decided by referendum no less than six
> times in the 20th century -- with the successive answers Yes,
> No, Yes, Yes, No, No. The last of those decisions, in 1974,
> is still in effect. What country?

Ireland

>
> 5. Another country where their monarchy was abolished by referendum
> was Italy. In what year, within 1?

1928

>
> 6. In what year was the monarchy overthrown in Russia?

1917

>
> 7. In what year was the monarchy abolished in Germany?

1919

>
> 8. This country's monarchy was overthrown in 1893 by people who
> were seeking to become a US territory. What country?

Hawaii

>
> 9. Of the countries that still have a monarch today, there are two
> where he's not called a king, but a prince. Name either country.

Monaco

>
> 10. In Andorra they don't have a prince, they have two co-princes
> who rank equally; so instead of a monarchy, their system is
> a diarchy. Name either of the two ways you can get to become
> a co-prince of Andorra.

become president of France

--
Dan Tilque

On Thursday, December 7, 2023 at 2:08:43 PM UTC-6, Mark Brader wrote:
> * Game 6, Round 4 - Science - Geology
>
> 1. In 1915 Alfred Wegener ["VAY-ghen-er"] proposed that, over
> long time periods, continents had somehow drifted from one
> place on the Earth to another, but nobody believed it because
> nobody could imagine how it was possible. Things changed about
> 50 years later when it was realized that only the upper layers
> of the planet need to move, and in fact they are divided into
> a set of about 20 "plates" that move independently. What is
> the theory related to this concept called?

continental drift

> 3. Where two plates move toward each other, sometimes one plate
> sinks beneath the other, creating effects underground that lead
> to volcanoes and earthquakes -- for example, in many areas
> around the Pacific Ocean. What is the term for a zone where
> plates move in this way?

subduction zone
> 4. Where two plates move toward each other and <answer 3> does
> not happen or is incomplete, mountains are formed. What is
> the highest mountain range of this type?

Himalayas

> 5. Okay, enough about <answer 1>. Rocks are divided into three
> basic types according to how they are formed. How is an igneous
> rock formed?

from a volcano

> 6. A second type of rock is sedimentary, which as the name implies
> is formed from an accumulation of sediments, such as on the
> seabed. But there is also a third basic type of rock besides
> igneous and sedimentary. *Either* tell what it's called, *or*
> how it's formed.

metamorphic

> 10. Another test is to see how hard it is. *Either* name the
> scale on which the hardness can be reported numerically,
> *or* tell what is the reliable way to compare the hardness of
> two rocks.

Mohs scale
> * Game 6, Round 6 - Miscellaneous, but mostly History - Monarchies
>
> 1. In some countries monarchies come and go. In England, for
> example, in 1649 Parliament passed an "Act for Abolishing the
> Kingly Office", but in 1660 they essentially declared that that
> had never happened. Name *both* the king who was deposed in
> 1649 and his successor who resumed the throne. Name and number
> required in each case, if applicable.

Charles I, Charles II

> 2. Another country similarly abolished their monarchy in 1792,
> but at the time it didn't stick, and they had a king again
> by 1814. Today the country is a republic again. What country?

France

> 3. In still another country, their monarchy was first abolished
> in 1873, but restored the next year, then abolished again
> in 1931. A law of 1947 officially made the place a kingdom
> again, but they didn't actually get a monarch until 1975.
> They still have one now. What country?

Spain

> 4. In still another country, the question of whether or not it
> should be a monarchy was decided by referendum no less than six
> times in the 20th century -- with the successive answers Yes,
> No, Yes, Yes, No, No. The last of those decisions, in 1974,
> is still in effect. What country?

Greece

> 5. Another country where their monarchy was abolished by referendum
> was Italy. In what year, within 1?

1947

> 6. In what year was the monarchy overthrown in Russia?

1917

> 7. In what year was the monarchy abolished in Germany?

1918; 1919

> 8. This country's monarchy was overthrown in 1893 by people who
> were seeking to become a US territory. What country?

Hawaii

> 9. Of the countries that still have a monarch today, there are two
> where he's not called a king, but a prince. Name either country.

Monaco; Liechtenstein

> 10. In Andorra they don't have a prince, they have two co-princes
> who rank equally; so instead of a monarchy, their system is
> a diarchy. Name either of the two ways you can get to become
> a co-prince of Andorra.

become the president of France

--
Joshua Kreitzer
gromit82@hotmail.com

Mark Brader <msb@vex.net> wrote:

> * Game 6, Round 4 - Science - Geology

> 1. In 1915 Alfred Wegener ["VAY-ghen-er"] proposed that, over
> long time periods, continents had somehow drifted from one
> place on the Earth to another, but nobody believed it because
> nobody could imagine how it was possible. Things changed about
> 50 years later when it was realized that only the upper layers
> of the planet need to move, and in fact they are divided into
> a set of about 20 "plates" that move independently. What is
> the theory related to this concept called?

plate tectonics

> 3. Where two plates move toward each other, sometimes one plate
> sinks beneath the other, creating effects underground that lead
> to volcanoes and earthquakes -- for example, in many areas
> around the Pacific Ocean. What is the term for a zone where
> plates move in this way?

subduction

> 4. Where two plates move toward each other and <answer 3> does
> not happen or is incomplete, mountains are formed. What is
> the highest mountain range of this type?

Himalayas

> 5. Okay, enough about <answer 1>. Rocks are divided into three
> basic types according to how they are formed. How is an igneous
> rock formed?

from solidified lava

> 6. A second type of rock is sedimentary, which as the name implies
> is formed from an accumulation of sediments, such as on the
> seabed. But there is also a third basic type of rock besides
> igneous and sedimentary. *Either* tell what it's called, *or*
> how it's formed.

metamorphic

> 7. In some places, such as the side of a gorge, you will see
> rock formations made up of visible layers. If the layers
> are not flat and horizontal, but form wavy curves, they were
> affected by what process?

thrusting

> 9. If you have to identify a piece of rock, you can perform
> various tests. One of them is to hit it with a hammer and
> see whether it breaks along a plane, rather than irregularly.
> If it does break along a plane, what's that called?

cleavage

> 10. Another test is to see how hard it is. *Either* name the
> scale on which the hardness can be reported numerically,
> *or* tell what is the reliable way to compare the hardness of
> two rocks.

Mohs

> * Game 6, Round 6 - Miscellaneous, but mostly History - Monarchies

> 1. In some countries monarchies come and go. In England, for
> example, in 1649 Parliament passed an "Act for Abolishing the
> Kingly Office", but in 1660 they essentially declared that that
> had never happened. Name *both* the king who was deposed in
> 1649 and his successor who resumed the throne. Name and number
> required in each case, if applicable.

Charles I and Charles II

> 2. Another country similarly abolished their monarchy in 1792,
> but at the time it didn't stick, and they had a king again
> by 1814. Today the country is a republic again. What country?

France

> 3. In still another country, their monarchy was first abolished
> in 1873, but restored the next year, then abolished again
> in 1931. A law of 1947 officially made the place a kingdom
> again, but they didn't actually get a monarch until 1975.
> They still have one now. What country?

Spain

> 4. In still another country, the question of whether or not it
> should be a monarchy was decided by referendum no less than six
> times in the 20th century -- with the successive answers Yes,
> No, Yes, Yes, No, No. The last of those decisions, in 1974,
> is still in effect. What country?

Portugal

> 5. Another country where their monarchy was abolished by referendum
> was Italy. In what year, within 1?

1946

> 6. In what year was the monarchy overthrown in Russia?

1917

> 7. In what year was the monarchy abolished in Germany?

1919

> 8. This country's monarchy was overthrown in 1893 by people who
> were seeking to become a US territory. What country?

Hawaii

> 9. Of the countries that still have a monarch today, there are two
> where he's not called a king, but a prince. Name either country.

Monaco

> 10. In Andorra they don't have a prince, they have two co-princes
> who rank equally; so instead of a monarchy, their system is
> a diarchy. Name either of the two ways you can get to become
> a co-prince of Andorra.

be elected president of France

--
_______________________________________________________________________
Dan Blum tool@panix.com
"I wouldn't have believed it myself if I hadn't just made it up."

Mark Brader (msb@vex.net) writes:
> * Game 6, Round 4 - Science - Geology
>
> 1. In 1915 Alfred Wegener ["VAY-ghen-er"] proposed that, over
> long time periods, continents had somehow drifted from one
> place on the Earth to another, but nobody believed it because
> nobody could imagine how it was possible. Things changed about
> 50 years later when it was realized that only the upper layers
> of the planet need to move, and in fact they are divided into
> a set of about 20 "plates" that move independently. What is
> the theory related to this concept called?

Continental drift
> 4. Where two plates move toward each other and <answer 3> does
> not happen or is incomplete, mountains are formed. What is
> the highest mountain range of this type?

Himalaya
> 6. A second type of rock is sedimentary, which as the name implies
> is formed from an accumulation of sediments, such as on the
> seabed. But there is also a third basic type of rock besides
> igneous and sedimentary. *Either* tell what it's called, *or*
> how it's formed.

Basalt
> 10. Another test is to see how hard it is. *Either* name the
> scale on which the hardness can be reported numerically,
> *or* tell what is the reliable way to compare the hardness of
> two rocks.

Try to scratch one rock by the other. The hard rock will scratch the
softer, but not vice versa.
> * Game 6, Round 6 - Miscellaneous, but mostly History - Monarchies
>
> 1. In some countries monarchies come and go. In England, for
> example, in 1649 Parliament passed an "Act for Abolishing the
> Kingly Office", but in 1660 they essentially declared that that
> had never happened. Name *both* the king who was deposed in
> 1649 and his successor who resumed the throne. Name and number
> required in each case, if applicable.

Charles I & Charles II
> 2. Another country similarly abolished their monarchy in 1792,
> but at the time it didn't stick, and they had a king again
> by 1814. Today the country is a republic again. What country?

France
> 3. In still another country, their monarchy was first abolished
> in 1873, but restored the next year, then abolished again
> in 1931. A law of 1947 officially made the place a kingdom
> again, but they didn't actually get a monarch until 1975.
> They still have one now. What country?

Spain
> 4. In still another country, the question of whether or not it
> should be a monarchy was decided by referendum no less than six
> times in the 20th century -- with the successive answers Yes,
> No, Yes, Yes, No, No. The last of those decisions, in 1974,
> is still in effect. What country?

Greece
> 5. Another country where their monarchy was abolished by referendum
> was Italy. In what year, within 1?

1946
> 6. In what year was the monarchy overthrown in Russia?

1917
> 7. In what year was the monarchy abolished in Germany?

1918
> 8. This country's monarchy was overthrown in 1893 by people who
> were seeking to become a US territory. What country?

Hawaii
> 9. Of the countries that still have a monarch today, there are two
> where he's not called a king, but a prince. Name either country.

Monaco

> 10. In Andorra they don't have a prince, they have two co-princes
> who rank equally; so instead of a monarchy, their system is
> a diarchy. Name either of the two ways you can get to become
> a co-prince of Andorra.
President of France or Bishop of La Seu de Urgell

Mark Brader wrote:
> These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2023-10-30,
> and should be interpreted accordingly.
>
> On each question you may give up to two answers, but if you give
> both a right answer and a wrong answer, there is a small penalty.
> Please post all your answers in a single followup to the newsgroup,
> based only on your own knowledge. (In your answer posting, quote
> the questions and place your answer below each one.) I will reveal
> the correct answers in about 3 days.
>
> All questions were written by members of the Usual Suspects and
> are used here by permission, but have been reformatted and may have
> been retyped and/or edited by me. The posting and tabulation of
> current-events questions is independent of the concurrent posting
> of other rounds. For further information please see my 2023-05-24
> companion posting on "Questions from the Canadian Inquisition
> (QFTCI*)".
>
>
> I wrote both of these rounds.
>
>
> * Game 6, Round 4 - Science - Geology
>
> 1. In 1915 Alfred Wegener ["VAY-ghen-er"] proposed that, over
> long time periods, continents had somehow drifted from one
> place on the Earth to another, but nobody believed it because
> nobody could imagine how it was possible. Things changed about
> 50 years later when it was realized that only the upper layers
> of the planet need to move, and in fact they are divided into
> a set of about 20 "plates" that move independently. What is
> the theory related to this concept called?

Techtonics

>
> 2. In the middle of the Atlantic Ocean is a zone where two plates
> are moving apart from each other, and are becoming enlarged
> with the formation of new seafloor, with undersea mountains --
> and half of Iceland -- at the edge of each plate. What is this
> zone called?
>
> 3. Where two plates move toward each other, sometimes one plate
> sinks beneath the other, creating effects underground that lead
> to volcanoes and earthquakes -- for example, in many areas
> around the Pacific Ocean. What is the term for a zone where
> plates move in this way?
>
> 4. Where two plates move toward each other and <answer 3> does
> not happen or is incomplete, mountains are formed. What is
> the highest mountain range of this type?
>
> 5. Okay, enough about <answer 1>. Rocks are divided into three
> basic types according to how they are formed. How is an igneous
> rock formed?

From volcanic lava

>
> 6. A second type of rock is sedimentary, which as the name implies
> is formed from an accumulation of sediments, such as on the
> seabed. But there is also a third basic type of rock besides
> igneous and sedimentary. *Either* tell what it's called, *or*
> how it's formed.
>
> 7. In some places, such as the side of a gorge, you will see
> rock formations made up of visible layers. If the layers
> are not flat and horizontal, but form wavy curves, they were
> affected by what process?
>
> 8. Sometimes those nice horizontal layers are intersected by
> a vertical stripe of a different rock, perhaps the result of
> new rock forming inside a vertical crack in the old. What is
> this vertical formation called?
>
> 9. If you have to identify a piece of rock, you can perform
> various tests. One of them is to hit it with a hammer and
> see whether it breaks along a plane, rather than irregularly.
> If it does break along a plane, what's that called?
>
> 10. Another test is to see how hard it is. *Either* name the
> scale on which the hardness can be reported numerically,
> *or* tell what is the reliable way to compare the hardness of
> two rocks.

Mohs scale

>
>
> * Game 6, Round 6 - Miscellaneous, but mostly History - Monarchies
>
> 1. In some countries monarchies come and go. In England, for
> example, in 1649 Parliament passed an "Act for Abolishing the
> Kingly Office", but in 1660 they essentially declared that that
> had never happened. Name *both* the king who was deposed in
> 1649 and his successor who resumed the throne. Name and number
> required in each case, if applicable.
>
> 2. Another country similarly abolished their monarchy in 1792,
> but at the time it didn't stick, and they had a king again
> by 1814. Today the country is a republic again. What country?

France

>
> 3. In still another country, their monarchy was first abolished
> in 1873, but restored the next year, then abolished again
> in 1931. A law of 1947 officially made the place a kingdom
> again, but they didn't actually get a monarch until 1975.
> They still have one now. What country?

Spain

>
> 4. In still another country, the question of whether or not it
> should be a monarchy was decided by referendum no less than six
> times in the 20th century -- with the successive answers Yes,
> No, Yes, Yes, No, No. The last of those decisions, in 1974,
> is still in effect. What country?

Spain

>
> 5. Another country where their monarchy was abolished by referendum
> was Italy. In what year, within 1?

1870; 1873

>
> 6. In what year was the monarchy overthrown in Russia?

1917

>
> 7. In what year was the monarchy abolished in Germany?
>
> 8. This country's monarchy was overthrown in 1893 by people who
> were seeking to become a US territory. What country?

Philippines; Mexico

>
> 9. Of the countries that still have a monarch today, there are two
> where he's not called a king, but a prince. Name either country.

Liechtenstein

>
> 10. In Andorra they don't have a prince, they have two co-princes
> who rank equally; so instead of a monarchy, their system is
> a diarchy. Name either of the two ways you can get to become
> a co-prince of Andorra.
>

Pete Gayde

Mark Brader:
> These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2023-10-30,
> and should be interpreted accordingly... For further information
> please see my 2023-05-24 companion posting on "Questions from the
> Canadian Inquisition (QFTCI*)".

> I wrote both of these rounds.

> * Game 6, Round 4 - Science - Geology

> 1. In 1915 Alfred Wegener ["VAY-ghen-er"] proposed that, over
> long time periods, continents had somehow drifted from one
> place on the Earth to another, but nobody believed it because
> nobody could imagine how it was possible. Things changed about
> 50 years later when it was realized that only the upper layers
> of the planet need to move, and in fact they are divided into
> a set of about 20 "plates" that move independently. What is
> the theory related to this concept called?

Plate tectonics. 4 for Dan Tilque and Dan Blum. 3 for Pete.

The "tect" part means making or building, as in "architect".

"Continental drift", as indicated in the question, is what people
spoke of when such a thing wasn't believed possible, not a name for
the modern theory.

> 2. In the middle of the Atlantic Ocean is a zone where two plates
> are moving apart from each other, and are becoming enlarged
> with the formation of new seafloor, with undersea mountains --
> and half of Iceland -- at the edge of each plate. What is this
> zone called?

Mid-oceanic ridge, or specifically mid-Atlantic ridge.

> 3. Where two plates move toward each other, sometimes one plate
> sinks beneath the other, creating effects underground that lead
> to volcanoes and earthquakes -- for example, in many areas
> around the Pacific Ocean. What is the term for a zone where
> plates move in this way?

Subduction zone. 4 for Dan Tilque, Joshua, and Dan Blum.

> 4. Where two plates move toward each other and <answer 3> does
> not happen or is incomplete, mountains are formed. What is
> the highest mountain range of this type?

Himalayas. 4 for Dan Tilque, Joshua, Dan Blum, and Erland.

India and some of its surroundings are on their own plate separate
from, and moving toward, the Eurasian plate.

> 5. Okay, enough about <answer 1>. Rocks are divided into three
> basic types according to how they are formed. How is an igneous
> rock formed?

By congealing (freezing) from a molten state (lava or magma).
4 for Dan Tilque, Dan Blum, and Pete.

"From a volcano" is not specific enough.

> 6. A second type of rock is sedimentary, which as the name implies
> is formed from an accumulation of sediments, such as on the
> seabed. But there is also a third basic type of rock besides
> igneous and sedimentary. *Either* tell what it's called, *or*
> how it's formed.

Metamorphic rock; formed when existing rock experiences enough heat
and pressure to change its structure. 4 for Dan Tilque, Joshua,
and Dan Blum.

> 7. In some places, such as the side of a gorge, you will see
> rock formations made up of visible layers. If the layers
> are not flat and horizontal, but form wavy curves, they were
> affected by what process?

Folding.

> 8. Sometimes those nice horizontal layers are intersected by
> a vertical stripe of a different rock, perhaps the result of
> new rock forming inside a vertical crack in the old. What is
> this vertical formation called?

Dike.

> 9. If you have to identify a piece of rock, you can perform
> various tests. One of them is to hit it with a hammer and
> see whether it breaks along a plane, rather than irregularly.
> If it does break along a plane, what's that called?

Cleavage. 4 for Dan Blum.

> 10. Another test is to see how hard it is. *Either* name the
> scale on which the hardness can be reported numerically,
> *or* tell what is the reliable way to compare the hardness of
> two rocks.

Mohs scale, scratch test (i.e. see which one can scratch the other).
4 for everyone -- Dan Tilque, Joshua, Dan Blum, Erland, and Pete.

> * Game 6, Round 6 - Miscellaneous, but mostly History - Monarchies

I will show this as History in the score table.

> 1. In some countries monarchies come and go. In England, for
> example, in 1649 Parliament passed an "Act for Abolishing the
> Kingly Office", but in 1660 they essentially declared that that
> had never happened. Name *both* the king who was deposed in
> 1649 and his successor who resumed the throne. Name and number
> required in each case, if applicable.

Charles I, Charles II. 4 for Dan Tilque, Joshua, Dan Blum,
and Erland.

> 2. Another country similarly abolished their monarchy in 1792,
> but at the time it didn't stick, and they had a king again
> by 1814. Today the country is a republic again. What country?

France. 4 for everyone.

In fact Napoleon took power as early as 1799, but he never used the
title "king".

> 3. In still another country, their monarchy was first abolished
> in 1873, but restored the next year, then abolished again
> in 1931. A law of 1947 officially made the place a kingdom
> again, but they didn't actually get a monarch until 1975.
> They still have one now. What country?

Spain. 4 for everyone.

When Francisco Franco was dictator, he made sure that he and no one
else was head of state, but he had the law passed so they'd be ready
for the situation after he died. It worked.

> 4. In still another country, the question of whether or not it
> should be a monarchy was decided by referendum no less than six
> times in the 20th century -- with the successive answers Yes,
> No, Yes, Yes, No, No. The last of those decisions, in 1974,
> is still in effect. What country?

Greece. 4 for Joshua and Erland.

> 5. Another country where their monarchy was abolished by referendum
> was Italy. In what year, within 1?

1946 (accepting 1945-47). 4 for Joshua, Dan Blum, and Erland.

> 6. In what year was the monarchy overthrown in Russia?

1917. 4 for everyone.

> 7. In what year was the monarchy abolished in Germany?

1918. 4 for Erland. 3 for Joshua.

> 8. This country's monarchy was overthrown in 1893 by people who
> were seeking to become a US territory. What country?

Hawaii. (It worked.) 4 for Dan Tilque, Joshua, Dan Blum, and Erland.

> 9. Of the countries that still have a monarch today, there are two
> where he's not called a king, but a prince. Name either country.

Liechtenstein, Monaco. 4 for Dan Tilque, Joshua (the hard way),
Dan Blum, Erland, and Pete.

On 2023-10-13, this terminological point decided the outcome of
"Jeopardy!": only one contestant thought of the right person, the
late monarch of Monaco, on the "Final Jeopardy!" question. But he
referred to the man as "King Rainier". If he'd put "Prince Rainier"
-- or presumably even just "Rainier" -- he would've won.

> 10. In Andorra they don't have a prince, they have two co-princes
> who rank equally; so instead of a monarchy, their system is
> a diarchy. Name either of the two ways you can get to become
> a co-prince of Andorra.

The Pope names you bishop of Urgell, Spain; or you get elected
President of France. 4 for Dan Tilque, Joshua, and Dan Blum.
3 for Erland (the hard way).

Scores, if there are no errors:

GAME 6 ROUNDS-> 2 3 4 6 TOTALS
TOPICS-> Lit Ent Sci His
Joshua Kreitzer 24 32 16 39 111
Dan Blum 24 24 28 32 108
Dan Tilque 8 4 24 28 64
Erland Sommarskog 8 0 8 39 55
Pete Gayde 4 16 11 16 47

--
Mark Brader | "She came at me in sections.
Toronto | More curves than a scenic railway."
msb@vex.net | -- "The Band Wagon", Comden & Green

My text in this article is in the public domain.